Well Integrity - Cased Hole Logging

DAY 1

• Introduction to rock physics properties and the petrophysical parameters needed for the cased hole logging interpretation.
• These petrophysical parameters include
  • Porosity
  • Permeability and Permeability / Porosity Relationships
  • Volume of shale
  • Fluid saturations.
• Introduction to the logging tools will be used to obtain these petrophysical parameters.
• Introduction to Lithology, Porosity, and Resistivity tools.

Case study: Introducing the different types of porosities and the effect of shale volume on porosity, permeability, and fluid saturations. Exercise: Permeability / Porosity Relationships

DAY 2

• Principles and interpretation of the open hole logging tools which can be run in cased holes and the open hole Logging data needed for Cased Hole Logging:
  • Open-Hole Logging tools: Definitions, Measurements, Applications, Equations
    • Lithology tools: Gamma Ray (GR) & Spectral Gamma Ray (NGT)
    • Porosity tools: Sonic and Neutron.
    • Resistivity tools.
• Quick Look Well Log Interpretation:
  • Lithology Interpretation,
  • Porosity, Vsh, and Rw Calculations,
  • Water Saturation and Permeability Determination

Case study: How to calculate the petrophysical parameters from the open-hole logging tools
Exercise: To calculate the fluid saturation using these petrophysical parameters

DAY 3

• Principles and interpretation of the other open hole logging tools which can be run in case holes:
  • Repeat Formation Tester (RFT) tool
  • Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) For:
    • Determine static reservoir pressure
    • Locate formation fluid contacts
    • Verify reservoir isolation.
    • Indicate reservoir depletion.
    • Calculate reservoir permeability.

Case study: Using the RFT / MDT log example to determine reservoir pressure, reservoir permeability,
formation fluid contacts and verify reservoir isolation. Using these logs in the field wide for reservoir depletion
and reservoir monitoring.
Exercise: To differentiate between the different gradients of different types of fluids; Gas, Oil, and water. To locate the different types of contacts Gas / Oil and Oil / Water contacts. Indicate the reservoir depletion from
a field study.

• RFT & MDT Log Examples
• Principles and interpretation of cased hole logging tools which can be run in open holes:
  • Thermal Decay Time tool (TDT)
  • Reservoir Saturation tool (RST) For:
    • Monitoring Fluid Contacts
    • Reservoir monitoring.

Case study: Using the TDT / RST log example to determine the formation water saturation in a cased-hole. To
follow up the fluid contacts raised by production in a time-lapse technique. Using these tools at different
times for reservoir monitoring.
Exercise: To calculate the formation water saturation (Sw) from TDT log example using open-hole logging
data as porosity and volume of shale

DAY 4

• Cased-Hole Logging Tools
  • Definitions, Measurements, Applications, Equations,
• Definitions, Measurements, Applications, Equations,
  • Principles and interpretation of Cement Bond (CBL) & Variable Density (VDL) tool for reservoir monitoring.
  • Applications to field development
• Cement Bond (CBL) & Variable Density (VDL) log details:
  • Principle of Operation
  • Basic Sonic Theory
  • Cement Bond Log (CBL)
  • Variable Density Log (VDL)
  • Quantitative Interpretation of CBL and Qualitative Interpretation of VDL using: CBL – VDL Log Example. For:
    • Evaluate zone-to-zone isolation:
    • Cement coverage of casing for corrosion protection, mechanical strength
    • Identify cement top
    • Evaluate cement repair jobs
• The Rig Cementing and Remedial cementing works using CBL /VDL results related to Petrophysics and
• Reservoir Monitoring.
• Well-completion related to perforation intervals according to CBL / VDL results

Case study: Using the CBL / VDL log example to evaluate zone-to-zone isolation, determine the good and poor cement bonds, identify cement tops, and evaluate the quality of cement. The decision for Rig cementing and Remedial cement jobs according to cement quality. Then, well completion related to perforation intervals, Petrophysics and Reservoir Monitoring.

Exercise: To determine the good and poor cement bonds. To locate the perforation intervals and top of cement by using the CBL /VDL log example.

• Production logging (PLT) log:
  • Principles and interpretation of production logging tools (PLT):
  • Applications to field development.
• Production logging (PLT) log includes:
  • Fullbore – Spinner, continuous, or packer Flowmeters.
  • Gradiomanometer.
  • Manometer.
  • Thermometer
• Caliper & Radioactive Tracer. For:
  • Fullbore – Spinner, continuous, or packer Flowmeters.
  • Gradiomanometer.
  • Manometer.
  • Thermometer
  • Caliper & Radioactive Tracer

Case study: Using the PLT log example to evaluate which perforations are plugged and which are producing or accepting. Monitoring of reservoir production. Evaluation of reservoir production or injection efficiency. Essential guidance for Remedial and Workover jobs

Exercise: To determine which perforations are plugged and which are producing or accepting and the percentage of production or injection for each perforation using the PLT log example

 

DAY 5

• Applications to field development

Case study 1: Including Carbonate and Clastic Reservoirs with different types of Hydrocarbons.
Case study 2: Unconventional Reservoir Example from different areas in the world:

• Low Resistivity in Shaly Sand (in Egypt)

Case study 3: Unconventional Reservoir Examples with Different Types of Hydrocarbons (Oil and Gas) from different areas in the world:

• Low Resistivity in Silt Reservoir. (In South Africa)

Case study 4: Rock Typing in Carbonate Reservoir using Core Data with the Computer Processing Data. Examples with different contacts (OWC, GWC, and Gas / Oil / Water contacts)
Case study 5: Reservoir Petrophysical Modeling for Carbonate and Clastics reservoirs with different Hydrocarbons (Oil and Gas) from different areas (Gulf Arab countries and Egypt). Using New Approaches and Modern Techniques.
Exercise:

• Practical Training Examples:
  • Using Raw Log Data for Quick Look Interpretation and Formation Evaluation

What is Well Integrity - Cased Hole Logging training course objective?

• Introduction to the rock physics properties and the petrophysical parameters needed for the cased hole logging interpretation.
• They will be acquainted with the quick look well log interpretation using the petrophysical parameters for reservoir quality evaluation.
• Understanding the basic principles and interpretation of the open and cased hole logging tools and bench out the reservoir monitoring and then apply cased hole logging and reservoir monitoring principles to field applications.
• They will be acquainted with the evaluation of casing and cement quality for reservoir isolation.
• Also, they will be acquainted with the advanced knowledge of single and multiphase flows and analyzes possible flow or injection in reservoirs and analyze possible flow abnormalities in the wellbore and how to remedy them.
• Reservoir formation evaluation from cased hole logging tools when missing open hole tools.
• They will be acquainted with the Well Completion related to Perforation System using the CBL / VDL, TDT / RST, RFT/ MDT, and PLT log results which are related to the Petrophysical evaluation and Reservoir Monitoring.