Water Flooding Management

DAY 1 - Introduction

Pre-Course Test
Module 1 : Reservoirs and Rock Properties

• Definition of Reservoir
• Reservoir Characteristics (Porosity, Permeability, Reservoir Pressure, Reservoir Temperature, Formation Damage, etc)
• Factors affecting Reservoir Flow
• Super-Saturated Reservoir
• Reservoir rock properties
• Reservoir fluids properties
• Factors affecting water flooding

Module 2 : Introduction to Water Injection

• Definition of Water Injection
• Reasons for Water Injection
• Reservoir Drive Mechanisms

Module 3: Waterflooding

• Waterflooding definition, concept and objective 
• Water flooding Vs. Water injection
• Types of waterflood patterns
• Sources of injection water
• Factors affect water flow process
• Waterflooding advantages
• Case Study:
  • Water injection patterns
  • Aquifer water Vs. seawater
  • Injection water quality control 

DAY 2

Quizzes & recap
Module 4: Water Injection Systems

• Main components of a water injection system
• Types of pumps in water injection system
• Purpose of pumps
• Filtration of water
• Purpose of injection well manifolds
• Case Study:
  • Water injection system components
  • Y-tool applications in water injection system
  • Selection criteria of the water injection system

Module 5 : Screening for Water Flooding

• Drive Mechanism
• Reserves estimate and remaining reserves
• Reasons for waterflooding
• Secondary recovery and pressure maintenance concept
• Reservoir engineering aspects and screening for water flooding
• Water injection systems 
• Water source: produced water, aquifer water, seawater
• Basic water treatment
• Basic seawater treatment
• Filtration & deaeration
• Group discussion and exercises

DAY 3

Quizzes & recap

Module 6: Design Aspects of Water Injection Well System

• Reservoir considerations
• Immiscible displacement theory
• Water injection wells construction
• Basic well completion
• Types of water injection wells
• Operating parameters of wells
• Water flood performance efficiency
• Water flood design
• Candidate, pattern and factors affecting pattern selection and well spacing
• Water flood production performance and reservoir forecast
• Factors influencing water flood recovery
• Water flood monitoring
• Group discussion and exercises

Module 7: Water Flooding Quality & Monitoring

• Quality & monitoring
• Corrosion problems (reasons and solutions)
• Field operations, water system compatibility and treatment
• Introduction to chemical enhanced oil recovery techniques
• Polymer flooding
• Group discussion and recap

DAY 4

Quizzes & recap

Module 8: Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Applications 

• Surfactant flooding
• Alkaline flooding
• Hot water flooding
• Steam injection
• Water flood project optimization and economic evaluation
• Field examples and case hist

Module 9 : Injection Water Impurities

• Water supply sources for injection water
• Aquifer water, impurities and quality control
• Seawater, impurities and quality control 
• Scaling problem
• Fill accumulation problem
• Importance of water source compatibility
• Group discussion and exercises

Module 10 : Water Treatment

• Types of produced water
• Aquifer water treatment
• De-oxygenation
• Reasons for treating injection water
• Subsea water injection treatment
• Biological activities of bacterial colonies
• Types of bacteria causes reservoir souring and process mechanism
• Case Study:
  • 3 case studies by participants

DAY 5

Module 11: Water Quality Monitoring

• Requirement for water quality monitoring
• Principle of particle size analysis
• Turbidity
• Different types of testing methods

Module 12: Operations of the Water Injection System

• Water injection methodologies
• Key operating parameters of the water injection system
• Water performance calculation (Injection water volume calculations)

Module 13: Reservoir Souring

• Mechanisms of souring
  • Sulphate Reducing Bacteria
  • Reduction of SRB Protection by Bisulphite 
  • Chemicals
  • Thermal Sulphate Reduction
  • Mineral Solubility
  • Partitioning of H2S
• Reservoir souring reasons
• Types of bacteria causing reservoir souring
• Factors influencing reservoir souring process
• Impact of souring on reservoir performance
• Factors affecting reservoir souring 
• Reservoir souring treatment process and techniques
• Mitigation
  • H2S Scavengers 
  • Biocide Treatments
  • Nitrate Treatments
  • Sulphate Removal from Injection Water
• Reservoir Souring Prediction
  • Modelling Capabilities
  • Uncertainties
• Post-course Test

What is Water Flooding Management training course objective?

• Apply and gain in-depth knowledge on water injection technology and determine the water flooding process as a major method of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR).
• Familiarize with the water injection actual field operations.
• Understand the relation between water injection & reservoir pressure maintenance.
• Introduce the basic knowledge of the operating fundamentals of the system.
• Acquire a fundamental knowledge of the water injection well construction.
• Understand the basic water injection quality control and monitoring.
• Gain experience in the system problems and troubleshooting.
• Understand what are the factors affecting successful institution of waterflooding.
• Understand how to design, predict and monitor waterflooding.
• Learn various diagnostics & quantitative techniques of waterflood surveillance and balancing.
• Learn special considerations of waterflooding remediation of excessive water production shutoff, improving sweep efficiency, polymer augmented waterflood, low salinity) waterflood and reservoir souring.
• Distinguish the influence of the reservoir and fluid characteristics on injection process and determine the relation between reservoir engineering data and injected water (displacement).
• Demonstrate understanding of the principals involved in pressure maintenance & oil displacement by an injected fluid.
• Explain the functions of water injection systems through filters and deaeration and identify the various types of filters.
• Detail the different qualities of seawater corrosion and distinguish the relationship of microbiological growth and corrosion in line with the structure and growth of diatoms, bacteria and algae.
• Apply the several tests used to evaluate water quality including process of collecting samples, transport of samples and test frequencies for particle counts.
• Discuss the thermal methods ofEOR including hot water and steam injection and get important tips of the polymer injection process.