Advanced Well Log Analysis & Interpretation

DAY 1

Introduction to Petrophysics

The Rock Physical properties and the petrophysical parameters. These petrophysical parameters include:

• PorosityPorosity, 
• Permeability 
• The volume of shale, 
• Fluid saturations.

Well Logging Tools include:

• Open-Hole Logging Tools. 
• Logging While Drilling (LWD) Tools. 
• Cased-Hole Logging Tools.

Open-Hole Logging Tools   

• Definition, measurements, application, and equations of the following tools:
• Lithology Tools: Gamma Ray, Spectral Gamma Ray, Spontaneous Potential Tools
• Porosity Tools: Sonic, Density, Neutron Tools
• Resistivity Tools: Dual-Latero, Dual-Induction, Micro-Spherical Resistivity Tools

Case study: The effect of shale volume 
Exercise: Determination of petrophysical parameters 

DAY 2

Logging Operations and Quality Control

• Logging Tools Operations
• Log Quality Control

Introduction to Logging While Drilling (LWD)

• Lithology Tools
• Resistivity Tools
• Porosity Tools

Quick Look Well Log Interpretation: 

• Lithology interpretation
• Porosity calculations
• Rw determination and Petrophysical parameters (a,m,n)
• Vshale estimation
• Fluid Saturation 
• Permeability
• Permeability & Porosity relationship

Formation Evaluation

• Porosity Types
• Total Porosity and Lithology Interpretation 
• Rw determination methods and Petrophysical parameters (a,m,n)
• Effective Porosity and Vsh Determination
• Fluid Saturation, Archie’s Relationship, and other Saturation Equations.
• Permeability.

Case study: Calculation of the petrophysical parameters 
Exercise: Calculation of the fluid saturation

DAY 3

Other Open-Hole Logging Tools: 

• Definition, measurements, application:
• Electromagnetic Propagation Time Tool and Diameter.

Case study: EPT log example 
Exercise:  Calculate Variable ‘m’ from the EPT equation

Recent and Advanced Tools:

• Geological Tools: FMS, FMI
• Magnetic Resonance Tools: NMR, CMR

Case study: FMI log example 
Exercise: Differentiate between these different structural elements. 
Case study: CMR log 
Exercise: Define free hydrocarbon and away from the bound fluid

Open and Cased-Hole Logging Tools: 

Pressure Tools

• Principles and interpretation of the other open hole logging tools which can be run in cased holes:
  • Repeat Formation Tester (RFT) tool 
  • Modular Formation Dynamics Tester (MDT) 

For:

• Determine static reservoir pressure
• Locate formation fluid contacts
• Verify reservoir isolation.
• Indicate reservoir depletion.
• Calculate reservoir permeability.

Case study: RFT / MDT log example
Exercise: Differentiate between the different gradients of different types of fluids

Open and Cased-Hole Logging Tools: 

• Principles and interpretation of cased hole logging tools which can be run in open holes:
  • Thermal Decay Time tool (TDT)
  • Reservoir Saturation tool (RST) 

For:

• Monitoring Fluid Contacts
• Reservoir monitoring.

Case study: TDT / RST log example
Exercise: TDT log example using open-hole logging data

DAY 4

Cased-Hole Logging Tools

• Definitions, Measurements, Applications, Equations
  • Cement Bond (CBL) & Variable Density (VDL) log:
    • Principles and interpretation of Cement Bond (CBL) & variable
    • Density (VDL) tool for zone-to-zone isolation and reservoir monitoring
    • Applications to field development.
• Cement Bond (CBL) & Variable Density (VDL) log details:
  • Principle of Operation
  • Basic Sonic Theory
  • Cement Bond Log (CBL)
  • Variable Density Log (VDL)
  • Quantitative Interpretation of CBL and Qualitative Interpretation of  VDL using: CBL – VDL Log Example
• For:
  • Evaluate zone-to-zone isolation:
  • Cement coverage of casing for corrosion protection, mechanical strength
  • Identify cement top
  • Evaluate cement repair jobs
• The Rig Cementing and Remedial cementing works using CBL /VDL results related to Petrophysics and Reservoir Monitoring.
• Well completion related to perforation intervals according to CBL / VDL results.

Case study: CBL / VDL log example
Exercise: Perforation intervals and top of cement by using the CBL /VDL log example. 

• Production logging (PLT) log:
  • Principles and interpretation of production logging tools (PLT):
  • Applications to field development.
• Production logging (PLT) log includes:
  • Fullbore – Spinner, continuous, or packer Flowmeters.
  • Gradiomanometer.
  • Manometer.  
  • Thermometer 
  • Caliper & Radioactive Tracer
• For:
  • Evaluation of completion efficiency.
  • Detailed information on which perforations are plugged and which are producing or accepting.
  • Monitoring of reservoir production.                 
  • Evaluation of reservoir production or injection efficiency.
  • Essential guidance for Remedial and Workover, jobs 

Case study: PLT log example 
Exercise: Determine the perforation

DAY 5

Advanced Formation Evaluation

• Reservoir Petrophysical Model Evaluation:
• Reservoir Characteristics:
• Modern Approaches and Techniques in Petrophysics
• Multi-Well Bases Study Using:
  • Multi-Well Data-Base
  • Key Well Study
  • Data Normalization
  • Variable Petrophysical Parameter values
  • Standardization of Petrophysical Parameter
• Lithology Determination
  • Lithology Model
  • Lithological Parameters
• Petrophysical Parameters Determination
  • Archie’s Parameters
  • Most Problematic Parameters
  • Old Methods (Constant Value)
  • New Methods (Variable Values)
• Introduction to Computer Processed Interpretation using:
• Practical Training Exercises for:
  • Hydrocarbon Quality
  • Fluid Contacts (GOC-GWC-OWC-ODT-WUT-FWL)
  • Reservoir Summations
• Applications to field Development 

Cases Studies Including

• Carbonate reservoir (Limestone)
• Clastic reservoir (Sandstone)
• Gas Sandstone reservoir 

Cases studies: Including Carbonate and Clastic Reservoirs 

Case study – 1: Reservoir Petrophysical Modeling

Case study – 2: Unconventional Reservoir Example

Case study – 3: Unconventional Reservoir Examples 

Case study – 4: Rock Typing
Examples with different contacts (OWC, GWC, and Gas / Oil / Water contacts)  

Exercises
Practical Training Examples: 
Raw Log Data for Quick Look Interpretation and Formation Evaluation. 

What is Advanced Well Log Analysis & Interpretation training course objective?

• Drive consistent and effective Petrophysics inputs to improve oil recovery
• Understand rock properties and pore geometry
• Capitalize on integration reservoir and petrophysical data to maximize economic recovery of hydrocarbons
• Attain the knowledge and practical use of total and effective porosity calculation
• Determine and understand new techniques and tools in well logging
• Acquire knowledge of permeability and rock quality interpretation
• Learn and practice the integration of core analysis and open-hole logs