• AVO, Inversion and Attributes in Seismic Interpretation

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 Course Overview

 

This course is designed for all geoscientists involved in interpreting seismic data in their work. Key principles, shortcomings and the practical applications of AVO Inversion and seismic attribute analysis will better help to understand the nature of seismic images obtained related to
hydrocarbons. This technology will provide interpreters with the opportunity to interpret the seismic images effectively and representative of the rock attributes, and avoid pitfalls.

 

Special emphasis will be given to practical aspects of seismic attribute analysis to improve the
interpretative capability of seismic data and determining reservoir properties. Some discussion of the conventional and unconventional statistical methods (such as neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithms) will show how different attributes and AVO/ inversion results can be integrated to further enhance their usefulness.

 

Several case histories to determine hydrocarbon probability of an exploration target as well as
characterizing reservoirs and monitoring changes in the reservoirs will be presented plus hands-on exercises will enable course participants to use their newly acquired knowledge to solve a few E&P problems.

This program is designed for :
• Geophysicists
• Geologists
• Reservoir engineers
• Seismic interpreters
• Exploration and Production managers
PLUS anyone who is in need of a good understanding of the principles and applications of these technologies.

Benefits:

• UNDERSTAND the key principles and concepts in applying AVO inversion technologies
• LEARN to characterize static and dynamic reservoir properties and qualities
• APPLY various seismic attribute tools and technologies to interpret seismic data efficiently
• MANAGE risk factors and error margins in reservoir prediction
• OVERCOME the limitations and problems faced in applying these technologies
• OPTIMIZE the interpretative capability of seismic data and determining reservoir properties
• GAIN a hands-on approach in tackling real-life E&P problems by utilizing these technologies
• INTEGRATE seismic attributes and AVO inversion results to maximize their application

 

Course Outlines

 

DAY 1

Key Principles and Features of Seismic Attributes

1-1 Introduction and Summary of the Course
a) Focus and Purpose
b) Course material
c) General Introduction

1-2 Seismic Attribute Categories vs. Hydrocarbon Reservoir Categories
a) Hydrocarbon reservoir categories
b) Seismic attribute categories
c) Indirect hydrocarbon indication
d) Direct hydrocarbon indication
e) Evolving roles of seismic attributes
f) Issues in linking attribute anomalies to reservoir properties

1-3 Seismic Attribute Technologies and Tools
a) Technologic evolution of seismic attribute usage
b) Software categories of seismic attribute tools
c) Conventional algorithms of attribute extraction
d) Advanced algorithms of attribute extraction
e) Use of seismic attributes for carbonate and clastic reservoirs
f) New directions for seismic attribute software developing

1-4 Problem Sets on applying seismic attributes in hydrocarbon indication and identifification

1-5 Seismic Attributes: What Are the Key Issues
a) Practical categories of seismic attributes
b) Prestack seismic attributes: AVO attributes and beyond
c) Poststack seismic attributes: Instantaneous attributes and beyond
d) Seismic time-scale and time-frequency attributes
e) Seismic attribute anomaly patterns
f) Tuning effects on seismic attributes
g) Acoustic, elastic, and inelastic rock physics models
h) Ten types of relationships between attributes and rock properties

1-6 Signifificance of Seismic Attributes and Seismic Features
a) Discriminability of seismic attributes
b) Sensitivities of seismic attributes
c) Correlation between seismic attributes and log properties
d) Clustering of seismic attributes
e) Pattern recognition and feature detection

1-7 Existing seismic attribute tools
a) Attribute tools for improving seismic processing
b) Attribute tools and workflow for seismic interpretation
c) Attribute tools for integrating seismic and well log attributes
d) Attribute tools for static and dynamic reservoir characterization
e) Assumptions and limitations of seismic attribute tools

1-8 Problem Sets on reservoir analysis and monitoring using multiple seismic attributes

 

DAY 2

Conventional and Unconventional Statistical Methods for the Analysis and Integration Seismic Features and Seismic Attribute

2-1 Conventional Geostatistical methods for Attribute Analysis
a) Statistics, Geostatistics, and Multivariate Geostatistics
b) Variogram and Covariance Functions
c) Kriging, Cokriging, and Universal Kriging
d) Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
e) Stochastic conditional simulation
f) Fractals and wavelet transforms

2-2 Practical Examples and Applications of Conventional Statistical Concepts
a) Establishing correlation
b) Identifying general trends
c) Calibrating
d) Data / knowledge integration

2-3 Problem Sets on seismic attribute analysis using conventional geostatistical methods

2-4 Fundamentals of Unconventional Statistical Methods
a) Artificial neural networks
b) Fuzzy logic
c) Fractals / Wavelets
d) Genetic Algorithms
e) Hybrid Methods

2-5 SOFT computing applications to attribute analysis
a) Wavelet transform for seismic attribute extraction
b) Apply data mining to attribute anomaly interpretation
c) Apply data fusion to create composite attributes
d) ANN models for reservoir attribute-property transformation
e) Statistical pattern recognition for attribute anomaly searching
f) Generating risk factors and margins of errors for reservoir pay prediction

2-6 Problem Sets on seismic attribute analysis using conventional geostatistical methods

 

DAY 3

Inversion- Amplitude versus Offffset: Theory and Practical Applications

3-1 Inversion
a) Acoustic waves
b) Acoustic Impedance
c) Different approaches for Acoustic (post-stack) inversion

3-2 Rock Physics and Elastic wave propagation
a) Rock physics & rock properties
b) Non-Normal Incidence- Mode conversion- Snell’s law
c) Elastic waves
d) Elastic Impedance and elastic (pre-stack) inversion
e) LMR (Lambda-Mu-Rho) Approach
f) Simultaneous Inversion
g) Impact of anisotropy on AVO response
h) Zoeppritz Equations and AVO Theory

3-3 Practical Issues on AVO and Inversion
a) Calibration of well, core, log and seismic data
b) Different Classes of AVO
c) Hilterman’s Approximation
d) Fluid Factor Analysis
e) Errors and Pitfalls

3-4 Problem Sets on rock physics analysis, fluid identfification and data calibration using LMR, EI and simultaneous inversions as well as pitfalls in AVO analysis

3-5 Case Histories- including specifific examples from Kutai Basin, Deepwater Indonesia, the Gulf of Thailand and many more
a) Selected Acoustic Inversion case history
b) Selected case histories on AVO interpretation
- Land examples
- Marine Examples
- Deep waters
c) Selected Elastic Inversion case history

3-6 Inversion / AVO Hands on Assignments and Problem Sets
a) AVO fluid factor problems
b) Simple inversion problems
c) Presentation of results by selected students

 

DAY 4

Reservoir Property Prediction and Characterization of Reservoirs

4-1 Amplitude and Inversion for Reservoir Quality
a) Correlation between amplitude and porosity
b) Reservoir permeability from impedance information
c) Reservoir pressure: From amplitude/velocity to lithology/mud-weight
d) Reservoir continuity and connectivity from seismic amplitudes

4-2 Inversion / AVO Vendors and their Software
a) STRATA Hampson-Russell
b) PETREL
c) Geoframe
d) Opendtect
e) SMT Kingdom
f) Other Vendors’ software and a few examples

4-3 Specifific examples demonstration on selected softwares and techniques

4-4 Seismic Attribute Applications to Reservoirs
a) Knowing acquisition and processing histories of seismic datasets
b) Seismic attributes for structural and stratigraphic imaging
c) Seismic attributes for lithologic interpretation
d) Seismic attributes for fluid imaging
e) Multi-attribute seismic-well tying
f) Seismic attribute workflow for reservoir characterization
g) Mis-using and abusing of seismic attributes

4-5 Time Lapse Attributes
a) Dynamic Reservoir characterization
b) Reservoir Monitoring
c) Reservoir Management

4-6 Problem Sets on application of seismic attributes in carbonate/clastic reservoir characterization

 

DAY 5

Case Histories and Participant Project Presentations

5-1 Highlighting selected case histories
a) Lithofacies Prediction: unsupervised/supervised
b) AVO and absorption (hydrocarbon probability)
c) Reservoir characterization (sand thickness, porosity, lithology and saturation)
d) Assessing changes in reservoir parameters with time

5-2 Review of examples of Attribute project work by participants

5-3 Open Room Problems Discussion and Solutions Brainstorming

5-4 One to One Discussion Session

5-5 Summary and Conclusion

 

This course is organized in partnership with FACT Inc. (www.fact-corp.com) , a geophysical consulting, training and service company in USA.

 

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